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Solid waste management infrastructure (n.d.). National Environment Agency. https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/3r-programmes-and-resources/waste-management-infrastructure/solid-waste-management-infrastructure This article states that as Singapore is growing population, the amount of solid waste disposed has been increased from 1,260 tonnes a day in 1970 to a peak of 8,559 tonnes a day in 2016. Currently, Singapore's solid waste disposal infrastructure consists of four waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, Tuas, Senoko, Tuas South and Keppel Seghers Tuas Waste-To-Energy Plant (KSTP), as well as the Semakau Landfill. Before collecting the solid waste, the recyclables are sorted and retrieved for processing to prolong the lifespan of recyclable materials. The solid waste that remains is then collected and sent to the various waste-to-energy plants for incineration. The incineration of solid waste reduces its volume by about 90% and produces steam, which runs turbi

Introduction Background Information This proposal has been initiated in response to the request for proposals on developing engineering solutions for engineering problems. As demands for electricity continue to rise, coal-powered and incineration plants are on double shifts to meet electricity demands and as a result, fly ash have been produced in abundance. This byproduct, which ends up consuming landfill space, has environmental concerns that need to be addressed. These ashes generate leachate, where coal ash and water precipitation react to become harmful solid wastes that contaminate underground water. Turrentine (2019) reported that people suffered from respiratory illness and thyroid problems, just by inhaling these ashes. Also, within the Singapore context, land scarcity is a problem. Our only landfill, Pulau Semakau, will reach its peak come the year 2035. 1,500 tonnes of incinerated fly ash has been actively dumped into this landfill and thus, minimising this action